Post #15 (Video #4 Typography)

Define typography?
The style and appearance of printed things. 

What is the difference between font and a typeface?
font is a subset of typeface which is the family of fonts.

What is the waist line and what does it indicate? What is a base line and what does it indicate?
The waist line is an imaginary line that indicates the top of letters.  The base line is an imaginary line that indicates the bottom of letters.

What is counter?
The negative space between or within letters.

What is cap height?
The height of uppercase letters.

What is x height?
The height of the letter "x". 

What is an ascender?
A stroke that rises above the x-line.

What is a descender?
A stroke that goes below the base line.

Describe a serif?
A decorative stroke added to the end of the main strokes of a character.

What is leading?
The space between consecutive lines of text.

What is tracking? 
The equal spacing between letters.

What is kerning
The varying spacing between letters.

What is a point? How many points are in an inch? 
A unit of measurement used in type. There are 72 points in an inch.

What is a pica and how many are in an inch?
Units of measurement larger than a point. There are 6 picas in an inch.

How many points are in a pica?
12 points

When was Blackletter invented and how was it used?
Was created around the time of Johannes Gutenberg.   It was used for writing in books.

Describe the characteristics of a Blackletter typeface?
It has thick vertical lines and thin horizontal connectors.

When was Old Style invented and what was is based on?
In 18th century England which was based on Roman fonts.

Describe the characteristics of an Old Style typeface?
It is legible with relatively unchanging size in strokes.

When were formal scripts developed?
During the 17th and 18th century.

When were casual scripts developed?
During the early 20th century.

Describe the characteristics of a Script typeface?
Appears to be formal and handwritten.

When was Modern typefaces developed and why?
In the 1700's to create more stylized fonts.

Describe the characteristics of a Modern typeface?
It has very thin serifs and high contrast between strokes.

How early can Sans Serif typefaces be found? What happened?
Created during the time of Caslon IV.  He decided to get red of serifs. 

When did they become popular?
During the second industrial revolution.

What does "sans serif" mean?
Sans-serif means "without serif".

Describe the characteristics of a Sans Serif typeface?
Doesn't have serifs attached.

When was Slab Serif developed and why?
Around the same time as when sans-serif became popular.  People manipulated it. 

Describe the characteristics of a Slab Serif typeface?
Has thick serifs and thick strokes.

Describe Decorative typefaces?
Fonts combine different aspects of fonts to create a stylized typeface.  Usually used in advertisement.